Electrooculography
The electrooculogram (EOG) is the second parameter necessary for differentiating sleep stages, and at least two channels are the recommendation. Electrodes can be placed 1 cm lateral to and above one outer canthus, while a second is placed 1 cm lateral to and below the contralateral outer canthus. By referencing these electrodes either to one or to both ear or mastoid electrodes (Al, MN1), horizontal, vertical, and oblique eye movements can all be recorded. If the need arises to distinguish lateral from vertical movements (e.g., lateral eye movements of REM sleep), a supranasion electrode can be referenced. A low-frequency filter setting of .1 Hz (or a time constant of .3 s) results in a well-defined signal.
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